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distillation definition

Distillation is a process of separation using boiling point difference. Article contains Definition,process,what is distillation,vacuum Distillation, Distillation column, fractional distillation, Azeotropic Distillation, simple Distillation.

Distillation is separation process ,in which we separate the components or chemicals .

Distillation is a process in which we can separate the chemicals on the basis of their boiling point difference.vacuum distillation, distillation column, fractional distillation, Azeotropic distillation, types of Distillation, simple Distillation.

Distillation definition is process in which , chemicals can separated on the basis of difference in vapor pressure .

What is distillation ?

It is a purification process in which we can do purification of chemical using evaporation or condensation.

Distillation is widely used industrial separationProcess.

Distillation process contain , boiling and condensation .

distillation definition is unit operation , because distillation is not a reaction. Distillation separate the individual chemical from mixture of chemicals.

Classification of distillation is as follows ,

1) Simple Distillation

2) Fractional Distillation

3) Azeotropic Distillation

4) steam Distillation

5) Destructive Distillation

6) Vacuum Distillation

7) High pressure Distillation

8) Short path Distillation

9) extractive Distillation

Distillation PFD

Simple Distillation

This type of distillation definition used when , chemicals have large boiling point difference.This process is suitable for liquid having large boiling deference. This process is ok for 50 degree boiling deference. In simple distillation ,we heat the mixture at normal pressure and separate the low boiling components from high boiling components .As like fraction distillation ,this type not required any type of packing and reflux . This is very simple method of separation if boiling point difference is minimum 50 degree .

Fractional Distillation

definition of fractional distillation or distillation definition :-why is the process of fractional distillation used in refineries? :- This type of Distillation is used to separate more than one component having close boiling point .For compounds having large difference in boiling point ,we can use simple distillation. But for close boiling compounds it is not possible to use simple distillation , so we use fractional distillation.

why is the process of fractional distillation used in refineries?

In fractional distillation we use packed bed (packing) or trays to get separation of of close boiling point compounds. In fractional distillation ,there are two sections in column one is rectifying section and second is stripping important point for fractional distillation are , stripping section, rectifying section, proper reflux ratio , proper calculation of required number of theoretical plate which is required for separation of chemicals.

simple definition of fractional distillation

Fractional distillation definition is a separation process used to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. It involves heating the mixture in a column or distillation tower, and as the temperature increases, the components with lower boiling points vaporize first. The vapor then rises through the column, where it condenses and re-vaporizes multiple times due to temperature gradients. This repeated vaporization and condensation, along with the column’s packing or trays, allows for better separation of the components based on their boiling points. The purified components are collected at different levels of the column, resulting in the separation of the original mixture into its individual constituents.

Fractional distillation definition contains ,reboiler ,fractional column, condenser ,pumps. what is distillation ?

Problems in Fractional distillation column

Due to wrong calculation, ,following problem will occurs ,

Flooding –
Pressure drop

Weeping
Dumping
coning

In next article “Fractional distillation ” ,we will study definition of each problem,there cause and solution in details.

Azeotropic Distillation

As we study above , if boiling point difference is large we can use simple distillation , if boiling point are very close then we can use fractional distillation, but if boiling point are same or for those compounds which forms azeotrop can separate by above methods For such kind of case we have to use azeotropic distillation.

Simple definition of azeotrop is constant boiling mixture.

Azeotrop mixture is those mixture who boil at same boiling point , we can not separate them by simple or fractional distillation.what is distillation.

Azeotrop will form when relative volatility is one.In Azeotropic distillation added third component or solvent is called as entrainer. After addition of solvent in azeotropic mixture ,solvent brake the azeotrope of mixture and form new azeotrope of low boiling mixture .

Steam Distillation

In this type of distillation, steam is directly added in mixture of chemicals to separate the compounds.

Destructive Distillation

In this type ,crude is heated to high temperature will decompose the material .This is applicable for mixture having low low oxygen.

Vacuum distillation

One of the best method to separate compounds having high boiling point is vacuum distillation. We can called it as economical method method. Operation cost and timing of vacuum distillation is low as compared to other types of distillation .wh.at is distillation

In this types of Distillation , vacuum is use to reduce the boiling point of chemical or compound . Antoine Equation is use to calculate the vacuum required to distillate the compound at low temperature. Antoine Equation describe relationship between temperature or pressure of chemicals.

To get Vacuum , we can use vacuum pump(types of pumps), vacuum ejector and steam ejector. If our requirement of vacuum is high then it is better to use steam ejector in series.what is distillation.

Vacuum is nothing but negative pressure . Another name of vacuum distillation is reduced pressure distillation.

High Pressure Distillation

This type distillation are very rarely use. In this type , high pressure is necessary to do distillation.

Short path Distillation

Some chemicals or compounds are highly temperature sensitive,if such type of compounds heated for log time then it get composed or polymerized which give results in low recovery of required material .This Distillation is used for that compounds which are unstable if get heated for long time .

This type of distillation commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Extractive Distillation

In this type of distillation ,we add third solvent and do distillation. This third compound or solvent brake the azeotrop of mixture and make a high boiling separate mixture.In extractive distillation added third solvent will get from bottom .This method is suitable for mixture having low volatility.

Distillation Process

Distillation process is made up of evaporation,rectification ,stripping ,condensation.
In general ,we feed the crude mixture in distillation column,reboiler or evaporator ,evaporate that mixture .After evaporation of mixture in evaporator,vapor comes to stripping section.In striping section low volatile mixture get condensed by liquid coming down(Re-flux & feed) in distillation column.
After Stripping section liquid will go to rectification section.In rectification section low volatile components from reflux liquid will go with vapor. After rectification finally vapors go to condenser ,condenser condense the vapor and we will get the condensate .

Above process is process of fractional distillation ,normally each type of distillation have some difference in there process.

Factor affecting distillations

Relative volatility of mixture →You need to calculate proper relative volatility .
Solubility

Maximum possible concentration
Activity coefficient
Surface Area

Application of Distillation

As we study in this article, distillation is separation process or purification process . So it’s main application is separation or purification .

Large distillation application are as follows ,

Water purification – Best way to purify water is boil them or do distillation to get pure quality of water. Pure or distilled water is required for drinking purpose . High grade distilled water required for cooling engine, HPLC ,GC.

Solvent recovery – this is most widely used in pharmaceutical, chemical industry.

Crude oil distillation – In petrochemical industry distillation is used to separate petroleum products like petrol, diesel, kerosene, methane etc. In petrochemical industry or in oil refinery petrochemical products separate from crude to use in different types of application.

Distillery industries – for production of alcohol.

Food industries

Pharmaceutical industries

Gas industries

Oil industries

Colors industries

People also ask

Question: What is fractional distillation in chemistry class 9?

Answer: Fractional distillation is a separation technique used in chemistry class 9 to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. It involves heating the mixture, and as the temperature rises, the components with lower boiling points vaporize first. The vapors then rise through a fractionating column, where they condense and re-vaporize multiple times. This process allows for better separation based on boiling points, and the purified components are collected at different levels of the column.

Question: What is fractional distillation Class 9 example?

Answer: An example of fractional distillation in Class 9 could be the separation of a mixture of ethanol (boiling point around 78°C) and water (boiling point around 100°C). By heating the mixture, the ethanol with the lower boiling point will vaporize first and rise through the fractionating column, while the water remains in the liquid state. The condensation and re-vaporization in the column result in the separation of ethanol from the water, allowing the collection of the purified ethanol.

Question: What is fractional distillation in simple words?

Answer: Fractional distillation, simply put, is a method to separate a mixture of liquids with different boiling points. By heating the mixture and using a fractionating column, the components with lower boiling points vaporize first and then condense and re-vaporize multiple times. This process helps to achieve better separation of the components, and the purified substances are collected at different levels.

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Question: What is the process of fractional distillation of air Class 9?

Answer: In Class 9, the fractional distillation of air is a process used to separate the various components of air, primarily nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. Air is compressed and cooled to very low temperatures, around -196°C, turning it into a liquid. The liquid air is then slowly heated and allowed to vaporize in a fractionating column. As the temperature rises, the components with lower boiling points, such as nitrogen and argon, vaporize first and are collected at different levels of the column. Oxygen, with a slightly higher boiling point, remains in the liquid state and can be collected separately. This process enables the isolation of pure nitrogen, oxygen, and argon from the air ,definition of fractional distillation.

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distillation definition- why is the process of fractional distillation used in refineries? 2.0