Fractional distillation questions and Answers
100 Interview questions and answers on fractional distillation
In today’s article we cover fractional distillation questions and answers.
fractional distillation questions and answers
- What is fractional distillation?
Fractional distillation is a separation process that separates different components of a mixture based on their boiling points.
- How does fractional distillation work?
Fractional distillation works by heating a mixture of components to a temperature where one or more components start to boil. The vapor is then passed through a column with a series of trays or packing material where it condenses and is collected.
- What is the purpose of fractional distillation?
The purpose of fractional distillation is to separate a mixture into its individual components, which can then be used for different purposes.
- What are the main types of distillation?
The main types of distillation are simple distillation, fractional distillation, and vacuum distillation (fractional distillation questions and answers).
- What is the difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation?
Simple distillation is used to separate two components with a large difference in boiling points, while fractional distillation is used to separate components with smaller differences in boiling points.
- What is the difference between fractional distillation and vacuum distillation?
Vacuum distillation is a type of fractional distillation that is carried out under reduced pressure. It is used to separate components that have high boiling points.
- What is the role of the distillation column in fractional distillation?
The distillation column is used in fractional distillation to provide a surface area for the vapor to condense and collect. The column also provides a means of separating the different components based on their boiling points.
- How is the temperature of the column controlled during fractional distillation?
The temperature of the column is controlled by adjusting the heat input to the boiler. The temperature is monitored at various points in the column using temperature sensors.
- What is the role of the packing material in the distillation column?
The packing material provides a surface area for the vapor to condense and collect. It also provides a means of separating the different components based on their boiling points.
- What are the factors that affect the efficiency of fractional distillation?
The factors that affect the efficiency of fractional distillation include the temperature of the column, the packing material, the flow rate of the vapor, and the composition of the mixture being distilled.
- What is meant by the term “boiling point range”?
The boiling point range is the range of temperatures over which a component in a mixture boils.
- What is meant by the term “relative volatility”?
Relative volatility is a measure of the difference in boiling points between two components in a mixture.
- How does the relative volatility affect the efficiency of fractional distillation?
The efficiency of fractional distillation is directly related to the relative volatility of the components being separated. Components with a higher relative volatility will be more easily separated than components with a lower relative volatility.
- What is meant by the term “plate efficiency”?
Plate efficiency is a measure of the effectiveness of a tray or packing material in separating the different components of a mixture.
- How is the plate efficiency of a distillation column calculated?
The plate efficiency of a distillation column is calculated by dividing the difference in composition between the inlet and outlet streams by the difference in composition between adjacent trays or packing material.
- What is meant by the term “reflux ratio”?
Reflux ratio is the ratio of the liquid that is returned to the column to the amount of liquid that is collected as distillate.
- How does the reflux ratio affect the efficiency of fractional distillation?
The reflux ratio affects the efficiency of fractional distillation by controlling the amount of vapor that is condensed and returned to the column. A higher reflux ratio can improve the separation of components.
- What is the role of the condenser in fractional distillation?
The condenser is used to cool the vapor and convert it back into the liquid.(fractional distillation questions and answers).
a liquid, which is collected as distillate.
- What are the different types of condensers used in fractional distillation?
The different types of condensers used in fractional distillation include the shell and tube condenser, the coil condenser, and the air-cooled condenser.
- How is the choice of condenser determined in fractional distillation?
The choice of condenser is determined by the amount of heat that needs to be removed from the vapor and the available cooling resources.
- What is the role of the reboiler in fractional distillation?
The reboiler is used to provide heat to the mixture in the distillation column, which causes the components to vaporize and rise up the column.
- What are the different types of reboilers used in fractional distillation?
The different types of reboilers used in fractional distillation include the kettle reboiler, the thermosiphon reboiler, and the forced-circulation reboiler.
- How is the choice of reboiler determined in fractional distillation?
The choice of reboiler is determined by the amount of heat that needs to be supplied to the column and the available heating resources.
- What is the role of the reflux drum in fractional distillation?
The reflux drum is used to collect the liquid that is returned to the column as reflux. It also provides a means of controlling the reflux ratio.(fractional distillation questions and answers).
- What are the different types of trays used in fractional distillation?
The different types of trays used in fractional distillation include the bubble cap tray, the sieve tray, and the valve tray.
- How is the choice of tray determined in fractional distillation?
The choice of tray is determined by the required separation efficiency, the pressure drop across the tray, and the cost of the tray.
- What is meant by the term “boiling point elevation”?
Boiling point elevation is the increase in the boiling point of a solvent that occurs when a solute is dissolved in it.
- How does boiling point elevation affect fractional distillation?
Boiling point elevation can make it more difficult to separate components by increasing the boiling point range of the mixture.
- What is meant by the term “azeotrope”?
An azeotrope is a mixture of two or more components that has a constant boiling point and cannot be separated by fractional distillation.
- How can an azeotrope be separated?
An azeotrope can be separated by using a different separation technique, such as liquid-liquid extraction or membrane separation.
- What is meant by the term “flash point”?
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to form an ignitable mixture with air.
- How does the flash point of a component affect its handling and storage?
Components with a low flash point are more flammable and require special handling and storage procedures.(fractional distillation questions and answers).
- What is meant by the term “distillation range”?
Distillation range is the temperature range over which a component in a mixture distills.
- What is meant by the term “cut point”?
Cut point is the temperature at which a specific component is removed from the distillation column.
- How is the cut point determined in fractional distillation?
The cut point is determined by monitoring the temperature at various points in the column and selecting the temperature at which the desired component is being removed.
- What is meant by the term “bottoms product”?
The bottoms product is the liquid that is collected at the bottom of the distillation column.(fractional distillation questions and answers)
- What is meant by the term “overhead product”?
The overhead product is the vapor that is collected at the top of the distillation column and condensed into a liquid.
- What is the role of the reflux ratio in fractional distillation?
The reflux ratio is the ratio of the amount of liquid returned to the column as reflux to the amount of liquid that is removed as product. It plays a critical role in the efficiency of the distillation process, as a higher reflux ratio typically leads to better separation of components.
- What is meant by the term “plate efficiency”?
Plate efficiency is a measure of how well a distillation plate separates the components in a mixture.
- What factors affect plate efficiency in fractional distillation?
The factors that affect plate efficiency in fractional distillation include the design of the tray, the fluid flow rate, the properties of the components being separated, and the operating conditions of the column.
Read Also,
reboiler
fractional distillation questions and answers.