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What is fractional distillation ? Today we will study about it , exact meaning of fraction distillation and much more .
Article content ,what is fractional distillation in chemistry, what is #fractional #distillation in chemistry used for and distillation definition chemistry.
#Fractionaldistillation is widely used purification process in chemical , pharmaceutical and petrochemical industry .Before to study about fractional distillation we need to understand distillation(what is fractional distillation in chemistry).
what is distillation ?
Distillation is a unit operation which use for separating the components from a mixture on the basic of difference in vapor pressure of the mixed components. Chemical Engineer Online
What is the purpose of distillation?
The main purpose of distillation is separation of components with required purity. Chemical Engineer Online
What is the principle of distillation? how distillation works ?
Distillation is works on the basic of difference in boiling points of components or difference in vapour pressure of components . In shorts “distillation is works on principle of difference in vapour pressure or difference in boiling points of components. Chemical Engineer Online
what is the meaning of fractional distillation?
In short fraction distillation meaning is ” separation of components in to fraction using distillation process”. Chemical Engineer Online
Why is fractional distillation important?
fractional distillation is important for separation of components from a mixture with relatively low boiling difference.
What is called distillation?
A separation process which works on the basis of difference in boiling point of components(what is fractional distillation used for) .
what is fractional distillation in chemistry ?
There is no special definition in chemistry for fractional distillation , fraction distillation is unit operation which works on vapour pressure difference.
what is fractional distillation ? what is the use of fractional column in fractional distillation ?
fractional distillation is a type of distillation which is use for components having close boiling point difference. fractional column is use for mass transfer in fractional distillation column(what is fractional distillation in chemistry) .
what is fractional distillation
“What is fractional distillation ? ” This very important question for a fresh chemical engineer. If you are a final year student or resent pass out , you must have knowledge about fractional distillation . Fractional distillation one of the key or main type of distillation ,specially used to separate the low boiling difference components .To separate this low boiling components this type of distillation use a distillation column which increase the rate of mass transfer .
What is difference between simple distillation and fractional distillation ?
| Sr Number | Simple distillation | Fractional Distillation |
| 1 | useful for components having high boiling difference | useful for components having close or low boiling difference |
| 2 | fractional column not required | fractional column required |
| 3 | Reflux is not required | Reflux is required |
| 4 | Operating cost and capital cost is low | Operating cost and capital cost is high |
| 5 | Time required for distillation is low as compare to fractional distillation | Time required for fraction distillation is high as compare to simple distillation |
What are the steps of fractional distillation?
fractional distillation process step by step is as below,
- Heating of crude mixture using re-boiler as heat exchanger and steam or oil as heating source also feeding the crude from feed pint location .
- Vapor generation due to heating in heat exchanger or evaporator(what is fractional distillation in chemistry)
- vapour go to the stripping section of distillation column. in stripping section vapors go in up direction and liquid goes in down direction .In striping section when vapors and liquids come in contact with each other ,mass transfer take place from liquid to vapors . vapors which comes from reboiler heat the low boiling components and take along with him .
- Vapors comes to the rectification section . In rectification section mass transfer take place from liquid to vapor phase. Liquid which traveling in down direction absorb the high boiling components from vapors which going in up directions .
- vapors then comes in to the condenser ,condenser condense this vapours(what is fractional distillation used for) .
- Condensate then comes in reflux drum or reflux divider. Reflux divider manage the required reflux ratio to get desired separation . Some time it run total reflux or some time it run as optimum reflux . Need to manage reflux ratio as per process requirements.
- In this way we get our desired product.
Equipment’s and there role in fractional distillation(what is fractional distillation in chemistry).
Feed charging pump
This pump play the role of feeding our crude material in to the column at feed point. This pump transfer the crude material from crude tank to distillation column . This is a typical Centrifugal pump ,with double mechanical seal and suitable to work in vacuum condition(what is fractional distillation in chemistry).
Pre- heater
Pre-heater preheat the feed or crude mixture as per our temperature requirement . This pre-heater may a typical shell and tube Heat exchanger. Heating medium may high therm oil or steam or steam condensate.
Reboiler or evaporator
Reboiler is necessary for boiling or evaporation of crude mixture. There are lot of types of reboiler available , we need to select it as per our process parameters(what is fractional distillation) .
Circulation pump
A circulation pump take the material from bottom of column and feed in to the evaporator or reboiler for heating purpose. we need design this pump as per required operating temperature and negative vacuum pressure (what is fractional distillation in chemistry).
Distillation column
Distillation column is vertical column with tray or packing. We need to design it as per our process parameters. This column has two sections , one is rectification and second is striping section(what is fractional distillation in chemistry).
Condenser
Condenser condense the vapour which comes from distillation column. Condenser may be partial condenser or total condenser(what is fractional distillation) .
Reflux drum
In reflux drum we can set our reflux ratio(what is fractional distillation used for) .
Receivers
Receivers are necessary for collection of different fractions and bottom products(what is fractional distillation used for) .
Vacuum pumps
Vacuum pumps are necessary if we need to do fractional distillation under negative pressure. There are lot of types of vacuum pumps available. We can ejector also for vacuum generation.
Read Also
- Unit Operation for chemical Engineers
- Pump and its types
- centrifugal pump
- Type of positive displacement pumps
- Pump
- condenser design
- heat exchanger design
- Azeotropic distillation
- what is fractional distillation used for
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